Cancer du sein chez les femmes de moins de 40 ans au Mali

Abstract

Breast cancer in young women is constantly increasing. The objective of this work was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of breast cancer in women under 40 years. Through a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection spread from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 and conducted in the department of hematology-oncology of the University Hospital of Point G, we identified 102 cases of breast cancer in patients aged 40 years and younger. The frequency of breast cancer in young women under the age of 40 was 18.9%. The average age was 33.4±5 years. Multiparity was predominant (35.3%). 6.9% had a family history of breast cancer. Self-examination of a nodule was predominant (66.8%), tumors classified as T4 were the most frequent (52%). The patients were metastatic in 28.4% of cases, with a predominance of pulmonary localizations (7.8%). The tumors were non-specific infiltrating carcinoma in 84.4% of cases, with a predominance of SBR II and III grades respectively 30.4% and 63.7%. Hormone receptors were positive in 13.3% of cases and HER2 was overexpressed in 15.7% of patients. Patients who underwent radical surgery represented 86% and those who underwent conservative surgery 14%. It was noted that 58.9% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a predominance of the AC60+TXT protocol (39.1%). Hormone therapy was prescribed in 19.6% of hormone receptor-positive patients and trastuzumab in 15.7% of HER2-overexpressing patients. After a mean follow-up of 8.1 months, 45 had recurrences. The 5-year overall survival was 43%. Our study is in line with the data in the literature arguing for more advanced forms and worse prognosis of breast cancer in young patients.